Anxiety and mood disorders

According to DSM-5 (2014):

The main anxiety disorders may, among others, be the following:

• Separation anxiety
• Anxiety disorder
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder
• Generalised anxiety
• Phobias
• Selective mutism
• Panic disorder
• Stress disorder

These disorders are manifested by a particularly excessive preoccupation with failure and anxious anticipation of future events. They are children who need to be reassured, more fearful with frequent somatic alterations: headaches, abdominal discomfort. They are very sensitive in personal and family relationships.

Affective or mood disorders include the following:

• Major depressive disorder: prolonged and persistent periods of extreme sadness.
• Bipolar disorder: also called “manic depression” or “bipolar affective disorder”; this is a depression that alternates between moments of depression and mania.
• Seasonal affective disorder: a form of depression that is most often related to having fewer hours of sunlight in northern and southern latitudes from late autumn to early spring.
• Cyclothymic disorder: a disorder that causes somewhat less extreme emotional ups and downs than bipolar disorder.
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: mood swings and irritability that occur during the premenstrual phase of a woman’s cycle and disappear with the onset of menstruation.
• Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia): a long-term (chronic) form of depression.
• Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: chronic, severe and persistent irritability disorder in children, often involving frequent temper tantrums that are not consistent with the child’s developmental age.
• Depression related to a physical illness: persistent depressed mood and significant loss of pleasure in all or most activities that is directly related to the physical effects of another illness.
• Drug- or medication-induced depression: symptoms of depression that occur during or shortly after substance use, withdrawal, or after exposure to a medication.

> American Psychiatric Association (2014). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 5th ed.